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Post by Admin on Dec 25, 2020 15:47:38 GMT
.  The " finger / horn " was originally a unit of measurement used by priests in Egypt and Mesopotamia for the purpose of making measurements in astronomy ( Known as " Astrometry " ) These types of measurements have been used since the earliest Mesopotamian and Egyptian societies, and are still used by astronomers to this day  This unit of measurement was later adopted by the Levite priests  Throughout history, the upright finger has made many appearances, the most well known with the Biblical Jesus  The first time the phrase "finger of God" appears in the Hebrew Bible, is in the eighth chapter, in the paragraph of verses sixteen through twenty of the Book of Exodus, which reads:
" Then the Lord said to Moses, "Say to Aaron, 'Stretch out your staff and strike the dust of the earth, so that it may become gnats throughout the whole land of Egypt.'" And they did so; Aaron stretched out his hand with his staff and struck the dust of the earth, and gnats came on humans and animals alike; all the dust of the earth turned into gnats throughout the whole land of Egypt. The magicians tried to produce gnats by their secret arts, but they could not. There were gnats on both humans and animals. And the magicians said to Pharaoh, "This is the finger of God!" But Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not listen to them, just as the Lord had said "
— Exodus 8:16–20
The second time - last verse, verse eighteen of the thirty-first chapter of the same book, which reads:
"And he gave unto Moses, when he had made an end of communing with him upon mount Sinai, two tables of testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God."
The third time the phrase appears is a second reference to the tablets of the Ten Commandments, and is found in Deuteronomy 9:10, which reads:
"And the LORD delivered unto me two tables of stone written with the finger of God; and on them was written according to all the words, which the LORD spake with you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly."
The fourth biblical mention is during Belshazzar's Feast in Daniel 5, when scripture reports 'fingers of a man's hand' wrote on the wall ----------- The Hebrew term " finger " is traceable to the Sumerian / Akkadian / Egyptian cognates, in this case it appears to be closer, phonetically, to the Egyptian term which is the name of the " finger " unit of measurement ( Also the number 10,000 )  Here the Hebrew term shows to be most closely related to the Akkadian term  In Judaic exegesis of the Torah ( Pardes ), the " horn " was generally associated with sacerdotal lineage as well as duties ( That of a priest ) It is in fact this Hebrew term Qeren " horn " that lead to the confusion over whether to depict Moses as having horns or rays of light emanating from his head in artwork  The Douay-Rheims Bible translates the Vulgate as, "And when Moses came down from the Mount Sinai, he held the two tablets of the testimony, and he knew not that his face was horned from the conversation of the Lord." This was Jerome's effort to faithfully translate the difficult, original Hebrew text, which uses the term קָרַ֛ן, qāran (based on the root, קָ֫רֶן qeren, which often means "horn"); the term is now interpreted to mean "shining" or "emitting rays" (somewhat like horns). Although some historians believe that Jerome made an outright error, Jerome himself appears to have seen qeren as a metaphor for "glorified", based on other commentaries he wrote, including one on Ezekiel, where he wrote that Moses' face had "become 'glorified', or as it says in the Hebrew, 'horned'." The Greek Septuagint, which Jerome also had available, translated the verse as "Moses knew not that the appearance of the skin of his face was glorified." In general medieval theologians and scholars understood that Jerome had intended to express a glorification of Moses' face, by his use of the Latin word for "horned." The understanding that the original Hebrew was difficult and was not likely to mean "horns" persisted into and through the Renaissance ------------ Going by the Bible's statements, we can infer a bit
"And he gave unto Moses, when he had made an end of communing with him upon mount Sinai, two tables of testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God."
Mount Sinai is most often associated with the moon god " Sin ", and in turn, the unit of the " finger / horn " was used for the astrometry involved with the god
I've included this article on the " finger / horn " unit from The Observatory ( A publication, variously described as a journal, a magazine and a review, devoted to astronomy. It appeared regularly starting in 1877, and it is now published every two months. Although it is not published by the Royal Astronomical Society, it publishes the reports of its meetings )  ---  ...  ...  ...  ...  ---- We know that the unit of the finger is associated with both sacerdotal ( Priestly ) duties and the concept of the New Moon " flood " though Hammurabi's stele of the finger, which itself carries over from the earlier Sumerian Mes, with the " flood " being the 22nd listed Me  ============= Notes adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1919Obs....42...46. |
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Post by Admin on Dec 27, 2020 18:49:18 GMT
. In the system of Egyptian hieroglyphics, a " finger " is a power of ten, in this case it's the number 10,000, which carries over to the Greek " Myriad "  In later Greek mathematics, this was known as a " myriad " A myriad (from Ancient Greek μυριάς, myrias) is technically the number 10,000; in that sense, the term is used almost exclusively in translations from Greek, Latin, or Chinese, or when talking about ancient Greek numbers The Aegean numerals of the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations included a single unit to denote tens of thousands. It was written with a symbol composed of a circle with four dashes " The ancient Greeks counted in base 10, like the other Indo-European peoples, and like their close Mediterranean neighbors, in particular the Egyptians and the Phoenicians. The decimal system appears clearly in the vocabulary used to designate the numbers and, of course, in the way of writing them. Note also that the symbolism of numbers is impregnated, and that the number ten and its powers are often endowed with a particular value. Let us take some examples in the Iliad, the first work of Greek literature: the poet says that, to enumerate all the soldiers of the Greek army, he would not have enough ten languages and ten mouths, a formula which includes the idea of a totality ( He. II, 489); in religion, the truly perfect animal sacrifice is when they kill a hundred oxen ( There . I, 65, 93, 99, etc .; the Greek word composed of "percent" and "horse" gave "hecatombe" in French); we find the same perfect measure with the funeral pyre Achilles erected for his friend Patroclus (one hundred feet square: It XXIII. 164); murioi , the word can mean 10,000, is also used to denote something countless ( There . I, 2, etc .; the French retained this use of term " myriad") " The etymology of the word " myriad " itself is uncertain: it has been variously connected to PIE *meu- ( "damp") in reference to the waves of the sea and to Greek myrmex (μύρμηξ, "ant") in reference to their swarms |
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Post by Admin on Apr 10, 2021 22:01:41 GMT
There is a direct reference to the " finger / horn ' ( A myriad - 10,000 ) in an ancient Chinese math text that also shows the use of the " Pythagorean " formula  " He who understands the earth is a wise man, and he who understands the heavens is a sage. Knowledge is derived from the straight-line shadow, and that is derived from the right-angled joint. The combination of the right angle with numbers is what guides and rules the 10,000 things " - The Zhoubi Suanjing  (Chinese: 周髀算經; Wade–Giles: Chou Pi Suan Ching) is one of the oldest Chinese mathematical texts. " Zhou " refers to the ancient Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BCE); "Bi" means thigh and according to the book, it refers to the gnomon of the sundial  The book is dedicated to astronomical observation and calculation "Suan Jing" or "classic of arithmetics" were appended in later time to honor the achievement of the book in mathematics This book dates from the period of the Zhou dynasty, yet its compilation and addition of materials continued into the Han dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE). It is an anonymous collection of 246 problems encountered by the Duke of Zhou and his astronomer and mathematician, Shang Gao. Each question has stated their numerical answer and corresponding arithmetic algorithm The book also makes use of the Pythagorean Theorem on various occasions and might also contain a geometric proof of the theorem for the case of the 3-4-5 triangle (but the procedure works for a general right triangle as well). Zhao Shuang (3rd century CE) added a commentary to the text, and also included the diagram depicted on this page, which seems to correspond to the geometric figure alluded to in the original text There is some disagreement among historians whether the text actually constitutes a proof of the theorem. This is in part because the famous diagram was not included in the original text and the description in the original text is subject to some interpretation (see the different translations of Chemla 2005 and Cullen 1996, p. 82) Other commentators such as Liu Hui (263 CE), Zu Gengzhi (early sixth century), Li Chunfeng (602–670 CE) and Yang Hui (1270 CE) have expanded on this text At this early point in Chinese history the model of the ancient Chinese equivalent of Heaven, 天 Tian, was symbolized as a circle and the earth was symbolized as a square. In order to make this concept easily understood the adopted symbol of the heavens was the ancient Chinese chariot. The charioteer would stand in the square body of the vehicle and a " canopy ", the equivalent of an umbrella, stood next to them  The world was thus likened to the chariot in that the earth, the square, was where the charioteer stood, and heaven, the circle, was suspended above them The concept has thus been termed " Canopy Heaven ", 蓋天 (Gaitian) which we know undoubtedly refers to the " firmament " ( Supuk same ), the local horizontal coordinate system of the Mesopotamian and Egyptian priests  The reason we know this to be true, is that the Zhoubi Suanjing refers to the unit of the " horn / finger ",( " 10,000 things " ) which is used to measure arcminutes and seconds within the coordinate system of the " canopy " ( The hemisphere ), while the " Pythagorean " theorem is applied in measuring angles ) Eventually the populace began to turn away from the " Canopy Heaven " concept in favor of the concept termed " Spherical Heaven ", 渾天 (Huntian) which is the change from a local horizontal coordinate system ( Hemisphere ) to a celestial coordinate system ( Sphere ) This was partly due to the fact that the people were having trouble accepting heaven's encompassment of the earth in the fashion of a chariot canopy because the corners of the chariot were themselves relatively uncovered. In contrast, "Spherical Heaven", Huntian, has Heaven, Tian, completely surrounding and containing the Earth and was therefore more appealing. Despite this switch in popularity, supporters of the Gaitian "Canopy Heaven" model continued to delve into the planar relationship between the circle and square as they were significant in symbology. In their investigation of the geometric relationship between circles circumscribed by squares and squares circumscribed by circles the author of the Zhoubi Suanjing deduced one instance of what today is known as the Pythagorean Theorem  =========== Notes |
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Post by Admin on Apr 12, 2021 9:28:27 GMT
www.jstor.org/stable/41668476?seq=1JOURNAL ARTICLE Review: [Untitled] Reviewed Work: Mesopotamian Mathematics, 2100-1600 B C. Technical Constants in Bureaucracy and Education, (= Oxford Editions of Cuneiform Texts, vol. XIV) by Eleanor Robson Review by: Jöran Friberg 225: The phrase 1 en. nam ib.sig in BM 96954, line xxiii: 1 is translated here as 4 What is the square root of 10000 ?' The translation is based on a lacking understanding of the exercise. (In fn. 4 on the same page, the author admits that "It has not yet been possible to establish the reasoning behind this procedure".) In a case like this, it is obviously much safer to make use of a completely conform and neutral (even if "visually un-attractive") translation, such as '1, what is its root?'. In the interpretation of the exercise, and no sooner, one may explain that the meaning of the question is 'What is the cube root of 1,000,000?'
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Post by Admin on Jul 23, 2021 16:58:32 GMT
Psalm 8:3-6
King James Version
3 When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained;
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Post by Admin on Aug 9, 2021 18:46:50 GMT
. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkh_MonolithsThe stela depicting Shalmaneser III is made of limestone with a round top. It is 221 centimeters tall, 87 centimeters wide, and 23 centimeters deep.[17] The British Museum describes the image as follows: The king, Shalmaneser III, stands before four divine emblems: (1) the winged disk, the symbol of the god Ashur, or, as some hold, of Shamash; (2) the six-pointed star of Ishtar, goddess of the morning and evening star; (3) the crown of the sky-god Anu, in this instance with three horns, in profile; (4) the disk and crescent of the god Sin as the new and the full moon. On his collar the king wears as amulets (1) the fork, the symbol of the weather-god, Adad; (2) a segment of a circle, of uncertain meaning; (3) an eight-pointed star in a disk, here probably the symbol of Shamash, the sun-god; (4) a winged disk, again of the god Ashur. The gesture of the right hand has been much discussed and variously interpreted, either as the end of the action of throwing a kiss as an act of worship, or as resulting from cracking the fingers with the thumb, as a ritual act which is attributed to the Assyrians by later Greek writers, or as being simply a gesture of authority suitable to the king, with no reference to a particular religious significance. It seems fairly clear that the gesture is described in the phrase 'uban damiqti taraṣu', 'to stretch out a favourable finger', a blessing which corresponds to the reverse action, in which the index finger is not stretched out.( protasis and apodosis ) There is a cuneiform inscription written across the face and base and around the sides of the stela ============= Notes Cf Israel etymology history |
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Post by Admin on Jun 4, 2022 20:57:44 GMT
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_and_Talmudic_units_of_measurementThe biblical ell is closely related to the cubit, but two different factors are given in the Bible; Ezekiel's measurements imply that the ell was equal to 1 cubit plus 1 palm (Tefah),while elsewhere in the Bible, the ell is equated with 1 cubit exactly. Ezekiel's ell, by which he gave measurements in his guided vision through a future Jerusalem Temple, is thus one sixth larger than the standard ell, for which an explanation seems to be suggested by the Book of Chronicles; the Chronicler writes that Solomon's Temple was built according to "cubits following the first measure", suggesting that over the course of time the original ell was supplanted by a smaller one The Egyptians also used two different ells, one of which — the royal ell — was 1 / 6 larger than the common ell; this royal measurement was the earlier of the two in Egyptian use, and the one which the Pyramids of the 3rd and 4th Dynasties seem to be measured in integer multiples of The precise width of the etzba (finger) has been a subject of controversy among halakhic authorities. The best known are those of the Rav Chayim No'eh and Chazon Ish Avraham Chaim Naeh (3 May 1890 – 21 July 1954) was a Lubavitcher chassid[1] and major posek (halachic authority) active during the first half of twentieth century. He is most famous for his works Ketzos ha-Shulchan, Piskei HaSiddur, Shi'urei Mikveh, and Shi'urei Torah (Measurements of the Torah), in which he converted biblical measurements into contemporary measurements. The work is of great practical significance, since much of Jewish law involves specific requirements of precise sizes and quantities. ----------- Rabbi Avraham Yeshaya Karelitz (7 November 1878 – 24 October 1953), also known as the Chazon Ish (Hebrew: החזון איש) after his magnum opus, was a Belarusian born Orthodox rabbi who later became one of the leaders of Haredi Judaism in Israel, where he spent his final 20 years, from 1933 to 1953.
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